Legal translation is often treated as a mechanical task. But in reality, it can have a profound impact on the outcome of disputes, particularly in international arbitration. A striking example is the ICSID case Kiliç v Turkmenistan, where the translation of a single clause shaped years of legal proceedings. After reading Arsanjani and Reisman’s illuminating essay on the case in Practising Virtue [1], I revisited the underlying Decisions. What emerges is a textbook example of how high-stakes...